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ships with the private sector and NGOs.
Narrowing the wage gap between immigrant and native
workers from 20–30 percent to 5–10 percent through better
economic, social, and civic integration would translate into an
additional $800 billion to $1 trillion in global output annually.
The success or failure of integration across areas such as
employment, education, health, and housing can reverberate
for many years, influencing whether second-generation immi-
grants become fully participating citizens or remain in a pover-
ty trap (MGI, 2016).
Addressing the challenges that are part of the immi-
grant experience is often regarded as a government or so-
cial-sector undertaking. But private-sector companies are
beginning to engage with the issue. Their involvement goes
beyond corporate social responsibility efforts and includes bu-
siness activities. Some get involved because they see real be-
nefits in building more prosperous local communities, tapping
into a new pool of potential employees, or winning loyalty from
a new customer segment. Companies in many industries now
look to immigrants to handle labor-intensive jobs, while others
want to be able to hire highly educated candidates with spe-
cialized skills from anywhere in the world.
Integrating migrants into local labor markets ultimately
comes down to the needs of domestic industries and indivi-
dual companies. A concerted effort by the private sector to
forecast labor needs and identify skill gaps can help gover-
nments create entry policies that are more purposeful about
the mix and number of immigrants who are admitted; some
may go even further and establish bilateral arrangements with
origin countries.

Migration Flows and Sustainable Innovation through
Organizational Culture.

According to Gavonel et al. (2021), migration is a key element
driving sustainable outcomes (Rees et al., 2006; Cobbinas et

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